Ngokwesiko, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa i-bakelite, kagesi, i-nylon, ipulasitiki, irabha, i-ceramic nezinye izinto zokuvikela njengezinto zikagesi ze-matrix ezibizwa ngokuthi izinto zikagesi ze-bakelite. Yisixhumi sikagesi esibalulekile phakathi kwento esetshenziswayo kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, noma iswishi evula futhi ivale isekethe. Izinto zikagesi ze-Bakelite zifaka kakhulu isibambi sesibani, ibhokisi lensimbi, iswishi, ipulaki, isokhethi njalo njalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-Izibambo zepani zeBakelite inkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu emndenini wezinto zikagesi zasekhaya.
Umsuka wezinto ze-bakelite
Ukukhishwa kweminye imithi kuvame ukwakha ama-resin, kodwa i-amber iyinsalela yama-resin, kanti i-shellac, nakuba ibhekwa njenge-resin, iyisitsha esikhishwa yizinambuzane ze-shellac ezihlahleni. Upende we-Shellac, owenziwe nge-shellac, ekuqaleni wawusetshenziswa kuphela njengesivikelo sokhuni, kodwa ngokusungulwa kwama-motor kagesi waba upende wokuqala wokuvikela osetshenziswayo. Nokho, ekhulwini lama-20, ukufakelwa kukagesi kwakungasakwazi ukuhlangatshezwa yimikhiqizo yemvelo, okwabangela ukusesha ezinye izindlela ezintsha nezishibhile.
Ngekhulu le-19, isazi semithi saseJalimane u-A. Bayer saqala ukuthola ukuthi i-phenol kanye ne-formaldehyde kungakha ngokushesha iqhubu elibomvu elinsundu noma i-gunk uma lishiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-asidi, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwamiswa ngoba kwakungenakuhlanza ngezindlela zakudala.
Ekhulwini lama-20,I-Baekelandkanye nabasizi bakhe nabo benza ucwaningo, ekuqaleni benethemba lokwenza upende wokuvikela esikhundleni se-resin yemvelo. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza kanzima, ekugcineni ehlobo lika-1907, abazange nje benze upende wokuvikela, kodwa futhi benza nepulasitiki yangempela yokwenziwa, i-Bakelite. Yaziwa ngokuthi i-bakelite.
Ngolunye usuku olulandelayo, isazi semithi saseJalimane uBeyer, esenza ucwaningo nge-phenol kanye ne-formaldehyde ebhodleleni, wathola ukuthi kwakwakheke into enamathelayo ngaphakathi.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa, kuvela ukuthi lokho okwakuvame ukuba "okucasulayo" manje "kuyajabulisa kakhulu". I-Phenolic ayimunci amanzi, ukushisa akuguquguquki, inamandla athile okusebenza. Kulula ukuyicubungula, kodwa futhi inokushisa okuhle, okusanda kuvela embonini kagesi. Yeka indlela enkulu yokusungula izinto. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amabhuleki kagesi, izinkinobho zokukhanyisa, izibambo zezibani, ucingo nezinye izinto zikagesi, okwathiwa yi-bakelite. Kodwa-ke, sifuna ukwethula ukuthi isetshenziswa embonini yezitsha zokupheka, okwenza kube njengeizibambo zepani,izibambo zebhodweSinezinhlobo ezahlukene zezibambo zokupheka ezenziwe ngeBakelite.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-15-2023
