Umthelela wokwehla komnotho waseYurophu kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezidingo zansuku zonke yiShayina (kufaka phakathi izitsha zokupheka)
1. Izici zokunwebeka kwesidingo
Izitsha zokupheka ziyimfuneko yokuphila, futhi ukuguquguquka kwesidingo kuphansi. Ngisho noma umnotho waseYurophu ubuthakathaka, isidingo sawo esiyisisekelo sisalokhu sizinzile. Kodwa-ke, izitsha zokupheka zezinga eliphezulu (njengezibiza kakhulu)amapani anganamatheli,Izinto zasekhishini ezihlakaniphile) zingase zithinteke ngenxa yokuncipha kwesabelomali sabathengi, futhi imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ayithinteki kakhulu.
2. Umphumela wokufaka esikhundleni kanye nokwehla kokusetshenziswa
Ukwehla komnotho cishe kuzoshukumisela abathengi emikhiqizweni yaseShayina engabizi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zokukhiqiza izitsha zokupheka zendabuko njengeJalimane neFrance.
Uma imikhiqizo yaseYurophu iphakamisa amanani, lokhu kungase kuhlinzeke ngamathuba okukhula kwesabelo semakethe sezitsha zokupheka zaseShayina.
3. Uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kanye nokudluliselwa kwezindleko
Amanani aphezulu kagesi eYurophu aholele ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza zasendaweni, futhi inzuzo yezindleko zochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwempahla lwaseShayina ingagqanyiswa kakhulu.
Kodwa izindleko zokuthutha, njengezindleko zokuthumela eziphezulu ngenxa yenkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu, zinganciphisa inzuzo ethile yentengo.
4. Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha
Ukukhula kwe-Eurozone GDP kwehle kwaya ku-3.5% ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngaphansi kuka-1% ngo-2023, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwezidingo zansuku zonke kweShayina eYurophu kusakhuphukile ngo-4.2% unyaka nonyaka (idatha Yokuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kwempahla Yesitoko), okubonisa ukuqina.
Umthelela wentela yase-US ekuhwebeni kwezitsha zokupheka zaseShayina
1. Inqubomgomo yentela yamanje
I-United States isebenzisa intela yeSigaba 301 ezitsheni zokupheka zaseShayina (ezifana nezitsha zokupheka zensimbi engagqwali kanye nezitsha zokupheka zensimbi ecijile), futhi izinga lentela ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-7.5% no-25%.
Amanye amabhizinisi agwema intela ngokuhweba kabusha kwamanye amazwe (okubhalwe ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia), kodwa ukuhlolwa kwentela yase-US kuqinile (njengokudinga ubufakazi bokuthi imvelaphi ikuphi).
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2025, amanani entengo anyuswe afinyelela ku-35% emikhiqizweni eminingi yezitsha zokupheka. Akungabazeki ukuthi kwandisa ingcindezi ekuhwebeni phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili.
2. Ushintsho lwesabelo semakethe
Ngemva kokufakwa kwentela ngo-2018, isabelo sezitsha zokupheka zaseShayina zokungenisa impahla e-US sehle sisuka ku-35% saya ku-28% ngo-2020, kodwa saphinde sanda saya ku-31% ngo-2023 (idatha ye-US International Trade Commission), okubonisa ukuthi izinkampani zinciphise kancane umthelela ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwezindleko kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zamaketanga okuhlinzeka (njengokusungula amafektri eMexico).
Imikhiqizo yaseMelika yendawo (njenge-All-Clad) yasebenzisa leli thuba ukuphakamisa amanani, futhi imakethe esezingeni eliphansi yathathelwa indawo ngokwengxenye yimikhiqizo yaseVietnam neyaseNdiya.
3. Isu lokubhekana nezinkinga zebhizinisi
Ukudluliselwa komkhiqizo: Misa imigqa yokuhlanganisa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseMexico, bese ugcina ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko (njengobuchwepheshe bokumboza) eShayina.
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo: Thuthukisa imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu (njengeizitsha zokupheka ezimbozwe ngendwangu enobungani nemvelo) futhi usebenzise umehluko ukuze ugweme ukuncintisana kwamanani.
Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okuwela imingcele: Thumela ngqo e-United States nge-Amazon, i-Temu kanye nezinye izinkundla, usebenzisa inqubomgomo yamahhala yamaphakheji angaphansi kuka-$800 (umthetho we-De Minimis).
Iziphakamiso zamasu zabathumeli bezitsha zokupheka baseShayina
1. Ukuhlukahluka kwemakethe
Ukwandisa izimakethe ezisafufusa njenge-ASEAN kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi, njenge-Indonesia kanye ne-Saudi Arabia, ukukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi kuqhuba isidingo sezitsha zokupheka.
Bamba iqhaza ekunciphiseni intela ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-RCEP (njengokunciphisa intela kwezinye izitsha zokupheka ezithunyelwa eJapan ziye ku-zero).
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuthobela imithetho yobuchwepheshe
Landela imithetho ye-EU REACH (ukuphepha kwamakhemikhali), izindinganiso ze-US FDA (izinto zokuxhumana nokudla).
Thuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-carbon ephansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezithiyo ze-carbon eYurophu nase-United States.
3. Ukwakhiwa kokuqina kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwempahla
Ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kuqala iPoland (i-radiation Europe) kanye neMexico (isikhungo saseNyakatho Melika) ukunciphisa izingozi zokuthutha.
Bambisana nabahlinzeki bezinto zasekhaya ezisezingeni eliphezulu (njenge-Baosteel Special Stainless Steel) ukuze uthuthukise izinto ezilula nezimelana nokugqwala.
4. Ukufaka uphawu kanye nokwenza kube yidijithali
Khuthaza isiko lokupheka laseShayina ngeTikTok kanye ne-Instagram, futhi ubophe umqondo "wokudla okunempilo" (njengezitsha zokupheka ezingenawo amafutha).
Sebenzisa i-big data ukuhlaziya izidingo zezingxenye zemakethe yaseYurophu (isb., iNyakatho Yurophu ikhetha insimbi ecijileIZIBHODI ZEZINTO ZOKUPHEKA, eningizimu yeYurophu igxile emqondweni wokuklama).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-10-2025
